14 基本文とポイント
1 I have lived in Japan for f ive years. (私は5年間ずっと日本に住んでいます。)
▶現在完了〈 継続 〉 〈have〔has〕+過去分詞 〉の形を現在完了形という。
① 〈have〔has〕+過去分詞~ for ...〉で「…の間(ずっと)~している〔である〕」。 ② 〈have〔has〕+過去分詞~ since ...〉で「…から(ずっと)~している〔である〕」。
2 Have you lived in this town for a long time? (あなたは長い間この町に住んでいるのですか。) Yes, I have. / No, I have not〔haven’t〕. (はい,そうです。/ いいえ,ちがいます。)
▶否定文と疑問文 ① 否定文: 〈have〔has〕 not+過去分詞 〉
② 疑問文: 〈Have〔Has〕+主語+過去分詞~?〉 have〔has〕を使って答える。
3 Have you ever been to Hiroshima? (あなたは今までに広島へ行ったことがありますか。)
▶現在完了〈 経験 〉 ① 〈Have〔Has〕+主語+ever+過去分詞~?〉で「今までに~したことがありますか」。 have〔has〕 been to ~で「~へ行ったことがある」という意味を表す。
② 〈have〔has〕 never+過去分詞 〉で「一度も~したことがない」。
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〈継続〉 次の文を( )内の語句を加えて現在完了形の文に書きかえるとき, に適する語句を書きなさい。⑴ I live in Tokyo. ( for three years ) → I for three years.
⑵ Ken uses this bike. ( for a long time ) → Ken for a long time.
⑶ We know each other. ( since 2010 ) → We since 2010.
⑷ He works in Japan. ( since last year ) → He since last year.
⑸ My mother is sick. ( since yesterday ) → My mother since yesterday.
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〈 継続 〉 次の英文を日本文になおすとき,( )の部分を補いなさい。⑴ I have lived in this town for ten years. 私は( )。
⑵ He has stayed here for a week. 彼は( )。
⑶ Ken has known her since then. 健けんは( )。
⑷ She has wanted the car for a long time. 彼女は( )。
⑸ My father has been busy since last week. 私の父は( )。
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〈否定文・疑問文〉 次の文を〔 〕内の指示にしたがって書きかえるとき, に適する語句を書きなさい。⑴ The weather has been good for a week. 〔 否定文に〕
The weather for a week.
⑵ I have played the piano for many years. 〔 否定文に〕
I for many years.
⑶ You have been in Japan since that time. 〔 疑問文に〕
since that time?
⑷ Tom has used this computer for two years. 〔 疑問文に〕
for two years?
講座
第 4 現在完了(継続・経験)
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〈 継続 〉 次の文を英語で説明するとき,最も適するものをア~エから1つ選び,記号で答えなさい。I have been in Kyoto for half a year. ア I lived in Kyoto for half a year.
イ I stayed in Kyoto for half a year and I went home. ウ I visited Kyoto half a year ago and I came back again.
エ I came to Kyoto half a year ago and I am still in Kyoto. 〔 〕
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〈 since と for 〉 次の文の に,forかsinceのいずれか適するほうを書きなさい。⑴ We have known each other f ive years.
⑵ I ’ve been a soccer fan last year.
⑶ She has lived in this town she was 12.
⑷ He has been busy yesterday.
⑸ My mother has been sick a week.
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〈 経験 〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ 私は以前に京都を訪れたことがあります。 I have Kyoto .
⑵ 私の母は1回カナダへ行ったことがあります。
My mother has Canada once.
⑶ スーザンは一度も納豆を食べたことがありません。 Susan has natto.
⑷ あなたは今までにその本を読んだことがありますか。 Have you that book?
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〈 経験 〉 次の英文を日本文になおすとき,( )の部分を補いなさい。⑴ Ken has visited Osaka three times. 健は( )。
⑵ I have never been to Hokkaido. 私は( )。
⑶ Has she ever met Jim? 彼女は( )。
⑷ She has seen the movie before. 彼女は( )。
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〈 経験 〉 次の文を〔 〕内の指示にしたがって書きかえなさい。⑴ Mr. Kato has been to the U.S. 〔everを使って疑問文に〕
⑵ Did you write a letter in English? 〔「~したことがありますか」という文に〕
⑶ She doesn’t play the piano. 〔neverを使って「一度も~したことがない」という文に〕
⑷ Tom has met Kyoko three times. 〔 下線部をたずねる文に〕
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次の文の( )内から適するものを選び,記号で答えなさい。⑴ Mary (ア lived イ have lived ウ has lived エ lives ) here since she came to Japan in 2000.
⑵ Has she been to Japan (ア before イ after ウ ago エ later )?
⑶ A: Is this your f irst visit to Kyoto?
B: Yes. I (ア have never left イ have never been to ウ often stayed in エ sometimes visited ) Kyoto before.
⑷ A: Do you know Jane is sick?
B: Yes, I do. She has been sick (ア in イ on ウ for エ since ) last Tuesday.
⑴ 〔 〕 ⑵ 〔 〕 ⑶ 〔 〕 ⑷ 〔 〕
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次の文の に,( )内の語を適する形になおして書きなさい。⑴ I have Bill since last year, but I don’t know his address. ( know )
⑵ I have this song before. ( hear )
⑶ John has care of this dog for a long time. ( take )
⑷ I haven’t you for a long time. ( see )
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次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容を表すように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ My sister became sick three days ago and she is still sick. My sister sick for three days.
⑵ He came to Tokyo f ive years ago and he still lives in Tokyo. He has in Tokyo f ive years.
⑶ Our dog has been dead for three years.
Our dog three years .
⑷ I haven’t heard from him for two years.
He hasn’t me for two years.
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次の⑴・⑵は,日本文に合う英文になるように,( )内の語を並べかえなさい。⑶・⑷は,意味の通る正し い英文になるように,( )内の語句を並べかえなさい。⑴ 何回奈良を訪れたことがありますか。
( have / many / how / Nara / times / visited / you / ? )
⑵ 私はそんな美しい花を一度も見たことがありません。 ( f lower / I’ve / such / beautiful / seen / a / never / . )
⑶ ( lived / long / you / how / here / have / ? ) For three months.
⑷ People in the U.S. often hold parties. ( ever / a party / you / have / home / held / at / ? )
HIGH STEP 問 題
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次の英文を日本文になおしなさい。⑴ I have never worn this kind of clothes before.
( )
⑵ I’ve not heard from Masao since he left Japan for France.
( )
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次の日本文を英文になおしなさい。⑴ 私のおばは,10年以上英語の教師をしています。
⑵ あなたは福岡(Fukuoka)へ行ったことがありますか。
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次の英文を読んで,あとの各問いに答えなさい。Jenny is a phone *counselor. Her job is to listen to people’s problems and to give them some
*advice.
One day, a woman called Jenny. Before Jenny said anything, the woman started to talk.
“Hello. I want to talk about my baby, Jake. I love him very much, but I’m *having trouble raising him. I have been so *worried and haven’t ⓐ( eat ) well for a few days. Could you give me some advice?”
“Sure. Please tell me about your problem. What’s the problem with Jake?” Jenny asked in a kind voice. “Well .... He doesn’t walk *by himself, so I have to carry him everywhere. ①It is hard work for me. And when I leave him, he ⓑ( cry )*loudly. What should I do?”
“Don’t worry. It’s not a big problem. How old is he?” “ He is one year old, but I know he can walk.” “Then he’s just *acting like a baby. If you *treat him like an adult, he will act that way.” The woman was surprised and said, “②I ( )( )( ) like that. Do I have to stop *pulling the *leash when I walk him?”
“Pulling the leash?” Jenny was very surprised. “You shouldn’t treat your baby like an animal!” The woman said, “Why not? Jake IS a dog.”
〔 注 〕 counselor カウンセラー advice アドバイス have trouble ~ing ~するのに苦労する worried 心配している by ~self 自分で loudly 大声で act ふるまう
treat 扱う pull 引っぱる leash (動物をつなぐ)ひも
問1 ⓐ・ⓑの( )内の語を適する形になおしなさい。 ⓐ ⓑ 問2 下線部①が指すものをア~エから1つ選び,記号で答えなさい。
ア ジェイク(Jake)を自分で歩かせること。 イ ジェイクをあらゆる場所に抱えて行くこと。
ウ ジェイクにしっかり食事をさせること。 エ ジェイクについて相談すること。 〔 〕 問3 下線部②が「私はそのように考えたことは一度もない」という意味になるように,( )に適する語を書き
なさい。
問4 本文の内容と合うものをア~エから1つ選び,記号で答えなさい。 ア Jenny said that the woman should have a dog.
イ Jenny was surprised because the woman’s baby could walk. ウ The woman called Jenny to give some advice to her.
エ The woman was worried that her dog didn’t walk by himself. 〔 〕
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